Gout 痛風(英文)

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Gout 痛風(英文)

2020/3/5

What is gout?

Gout is an inflammatory arthritis caused by the uric acid crystallization within the joints. It is highly associated with hyperuricemia. It affects more on male than female (9:1). The first gout attack always occurs at age 40 to 60 years in men.

What are the symptoms and clinical course of gout?

There are four clinical stages of gout:

Asymptomatic hyperuricemia:

a status with hyperuricemia but without gout attack yet

Acute gouty arthritis:

acute single joint swelling pain with erythema
first metatarsophalangeal joint is mostly affected
ankle, foot and knee joints could also be involved
acute gout is always self-limited within 1-2 weeks

Intercritical gout:

the periods without arthritis between gout attacks

Chronic tophaceous gout

a phase of chronic polyarticular gout with multiple tophi deposition which may lead to joint destruction and deformity

What are the management and treatment for gout?

Medication: non-steroid anti-inflammation drugs (NSAIDs) and colchicine are prescribed during acute gout attacks. Urate lowering drugs would be used while gout attack more than twice yearly, tophi deposition, urolithiasis, etc.
Exercise: patients should avoid violent sports because it promotes sweating and reduces the amount of serum urine acid excretion.
Drink more water: drinking more than 2000 ml water a day to help excrete uric acid.
Avoid high purine diet: read the chart below and locate group three for purine rich food. Patients should consume food containing less purine to reduce formation of uric acid.
Avoid drinking liquor: once patients consume liquor, it affects uric acid execration and would lead to hyperuricemia.
Maintain ideal body weight: overweight and obesity may result in hyperuricemia and gout attack.

Food containing purine (each 100mg food in this table )

First group(0-25mg)

vegetables, fruit, milk, egg class, honey, fat and nut, sugar and sweet fruit, fruit jelly, rice, noodles, macaroni, lotus root powder (except for cereal). Drink, cheese, roe, trepang, sweet potato, water chestnut, rolled cat, auricularia auricula, melon seed, potato, and sea wise skin.

Second group(25-150mg)

(A)(25-75mg)

Common fish, lobster, fish pill, crab, oyster, chicken, chestnut, husked lotus, ham, gut of beef, dry legumes (red bean, mung bean), pea, kelp, three-color amaranth, dried bamboo shoots, jack bean, bean curd, dried beans, kidney bean, blue Jiang Ts'ai, and mushroom

(B)(75-150mg)

Lean meat, turkey, duck, pigeon, pig, cow, sheep, beef tongue, carp, Cao Yu, mullet, snow fish, perch, big flat fish, carapace class (soft-shelled turtle), pheasant, hyacinth bean, crab, cuttlefish, and peanut

Third group(150-1000mg)

Meat broth, thick bouillon, brain, kidney, liver, sardine, pancreas, bamboo shoots, shiitake mushroom, dike fish (black carp, piece mouth fish), black soybeans, soybean, and porphyra capensi