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Patients with hypothyroidism often experience fatigue, weakness, cold intolerance, drowsiness, slow speech, memory impairment, weight gain, edema, heavy menstrual bleeding, coarse hair, hair loss, dry and rough skin, loss of appetite, and constipation. On the other hand, long-term use of non-iodized salt, such as Himalayan pink salt, imported salt, or bamboo salt, may lead to iodine deficiency and can also cause hypothyroidism.

Causes

• Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: The most common cause. It is an autoimmune condition that damages the thyroid gland, leading to insufficient thyroid hormone production.
• Iatrogenic causes: These include hypothyroidism after thyroid surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, or neck radiation therapy.
• Medication-related causes: Common medications include amiodarone, lithium, antithyroid drugs, and immunotherapy agents.
• Central hypothyroidism: In a small number of patients, diseases of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus may impair the regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone.
• Transient hypothyroidism: Temporary hypothyroidism may occur after postpartum thyroiditis or subacute thyroiditis.
• Congenital hypothyroidism: Common causes include thyroid dysgenesis, ectopic thyroid gland, defects in thyroid hormone synthesis, or TSH receptor abnormalities. If not treated early, it may affect infant growth and neurodevelopment.
• Abnormal iodine intake: Both iodine deficiency and excessive iodine intake may cause hypothyroidism.

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism