衛教資訊
Tracheostomy 認識氣管造口術
Tracheostomy 認識氣管造口術
What is tracheostomy?
It refers to a medical treatment in which a small hole is opened directly from the throat to the trachea and a suitable tube is inserted to transport the air generated by the respirator directly to the lungs.
Indications for tracheostomy
- Patients who cannot maintain airway patency: those who cannot effectively expectorate due to stroke or central neuropathy.
- Patients whose respirators are not easily detached, such as those with chronic respiratory failure.
The timing of tracheostomy
According to the doctor's judgment based on the patient's condition, tracheostomy can be performed 7 days after intubation in foreign countries if it is estimated that the patient cannot be extubated in a short time, while the time of performing tracheostomy is about 3 weeks after intubation in Taiwan.
Complications of tracheostomy
The incidence of complications is about 5%. Wound bleeding and infection are the most common postoperative complications.
Benefits of tracheostomy
- The patient feels more comfortable as the tube does not pass through the mouth and throat.
- It can help clean the mouth and reduce the occurrence of oral ulcer, and lower the incidence of nosocomial infection.
- The distance is shorter than the length of the endotracheal tube, which is helpful for breathing training.
- It is safer for the patient when the tube is due to be replaced.
- If circumstances permit, the tracheostomy tube can produce vocal sounds or the patient can switch to oral feeding.
- At present, percutaneous tracheostomy can be performed directly at the bedside without going to the operating room. The operation time is short, the wound is small and the complications are fewer.
- 于博芮、胡文郁、胡月娟、周守民、黃翠媛、吳韻淑、羅筱芬、簡淑慧、鄭春秋、柳秋芳、陳麗糸、劉向援、郭素娥、劉桂芬、鄭麗珠、王雪娥、凃秀妮、陳怡如、林金絲…李惠玲等(2018).呼吸系統疾病病人之護理,於劉雪娥總校閱,成人內外科護理(七版,965-1159頁),華杏。
- 張峻瑋、廖予昊、廖俊綱、盧昱彤、許巍鐘、柯政郁、陳俊男(2021).氣管切開術在COVID-19疫情時代的角色與相關照護建議.台灣耳鼻喉頭頸外科雜誌,56(3),141-146。https://doi.org/10.6286/jtohns.202109_56(3).141
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