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2026/5/10

頭頸癌質子治療如何減少副作用影響

文/放射腫瘤部 醫師 林亭君

  頭頸部腫瘤類型多樣,包括鼻咽癌、口咽與下咽癌、口腔癌、顱底與鼻竇癌等,各有不同預後與潛在副作用。放射治療原則是有效控制腫瘤,同時盡可能保護頭頸部健康器官,如口腔與吞嚥肌肉、聽神經、腦幹、唾液腺及甲狀腺等。
  傳統光子治療(Photon  Therapy)在穿透人體時,能量會持續釋放到腫瘤後方的正常腦組織與重要結構 (圖一),可能損害神經、肌肉組織與腺體,增加放射性壞死、長期神經副作用、口乾、吞嚥困難或聽力下降等風險。
     質子治療(Proton  Therapy)利用質子束的「布拉格尖峰」特性,在腫瘤處釋放最高能量,並幾乎不再向後延伸,讓高劑量精準集中於腫瘤,大幅降低周圍部分正常組織的照射劑量(圖二)。
     質子治療因此能減緩部分急性與慢性副作用嚴重程度(如口腔炎、味覺喪失、疲勞或肩頸僵硬),保護神經、顱底、聽神經、口黏膜、咽喉肌肉與味覺功能,降低神經與肌肉損傷及次發性腫瘤風險。對於頭頸癌患者,這項技術有助於兼顧治療效果與減少治療帶來的相關不適,進而有利於生活品質,是值得考慮的放射治療選擇。
 
照射劑量分佈圖 (以鼻咽癌為例)
 
 
 

文獻佐證

  • Blanchard, P., Gunn, G. B., Lin, A., et al. (2018). Proton therapy for head and neck cancers. Seminars in Radiation Oncology, 28(1), 53–63.
  • Kim, K. N., Harton, J., Mitra, N., et al. (2022). Acute toxicity in patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy with proton versus intensity-modulated radiation therapy for nonmetastatic head and neck cancers. Head & Neck, 44(11), 2386–2394.
  • Leeman, J. E., Romesser, P. B., Zhou, Y., et al. (2017). Proton therapy for head and neck cancer: Expanding the therapeutic window. The Lancet Oncology, 18(5), e254–e265.
  • Li, X., Lee, A., Cohen, M. A., Sherman, E. J., Lee, N. Y. (2020). Past, present and future of proton therapy for head and neck cancer. Oral Oncology, 110, 104879.
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  • Salem, P. P., Chami, P., Daou, R., et al. (2024). Proton radiation therapy: A systematic review of treatment-related side effects and toxicities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences,25(20), 10969.
  • Vasudevan, S. S., Deeb, H., Katta, A., et al. (2024). Efficacy and safety of proton therapy versus intensity-modulated radiation therapy in the treatment of head and neck tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Head & Neck, 46(10), 2616–2631.
  • Uezono, H., Indelicato, D. J., Rotondo, R. L., et al. (2019). Proton therapy following induction chemotherapy for pediatric and adolescent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 66(12), e27990.

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